initial

1 files changed, 1766 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/include/jsoncons_ext/cbor/cbor_encoder.hpp b/include/jsoncons_ext/cbor/cbor_encoder.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4699ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/jsoncons_ext/cbor/cbor_encoder.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1766 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Daniel Parker
+// Distributed under the Boost license, Version 1.0.
+// (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+// See https://github.com/danielaparker/jsoncons for latest version
+
+#ifndef JSONCONS_CBOR_CBOR_ENCODER_HPP
+#define JSONCONS_CBOR_CBOR_ENCODER_HPP
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <limits> // std::numeric_limits
+#include <memory>
+#include <utility> // std::move
+#include <jsoncons/json_exception.hpp> // jsoncons::ser_error
+#include <jsoncons/json_visitor.hpp>
+#include <jsoncons/config/jsoncons_config.hpp>
+#include <jsoncons/sink.hpp>
+#include <jsoncons/detail/parse_number.hpp>
+#include <jsoncons_ext/cbor/cbor_error.hpp>
+#include <jsoncons_ext/cbor/cbor_options.hpp>
+
+namespace jsoncons { namespace cbor {
+
+enum class cbor_container_type {object, indefinite_length_object, array, indefinite_length_array};
+
+template<class Sink=jsoncons::binary_stream_sink,class Allocator=std::allocator<char>>
+class basic_cbor_encoder final : public basic_json_visitor<char>
+{
+    using super_type = basic_json_visitor<char>;
+
+    enum class decimal_parse_state { start, integer, exp1, exp2, fraction1 };
+    enum class hexfloat_parse_state { start, expect_0, expect_x, integer, exp1, exp2, fraction1 };
+
+    static constexpr int64_t nanos_in_second = 1000000000;
+    static constexpr int64_t millis_in_second = 1000;
+
+public:
+    using allocator_type = Allocator;
+    using sink_type = Sink;
+    using typename super_type::char_type;
+    using typename super_type::string_view_type;
+
+private:
+    using char_allocator_type = typename std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>:: template rebind_alloc<char_type>;
+    using byte_allocator_type = typename std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>:: template rebind_alloc<uint8_t>;                  
+
+    using string_type = std::basic_string<char_type,std::char_traits<char_type>,char_allocator_type>;
+    using byte_string_type = basic_byte_string<byte_allocator_type>;
+
+    struct stack_item
+    {
+        cbor_container_type type_;
+        std::size_t length_;
+        std::size_t count_;
+
+        stack_item(cbor_container_type type, std::size_t length = 0) noexcept
+           : type_(type), length_(length), count_(0)
+        {
+        }
+
+        std::size_t length() const
+        {
+            return length_;
+        }
+
+        std::size_t count() const
+        {
+            return count_;
+        }
+
+        bool is_object() const
+        {
+            return type_ == cbor_container_type::object || type_ == cbor_container_type::indefinite_length_object;
+        }
+
+        bool is_indefinite_length() const
+        {
+            return type_ == cbor_container_type::indefinite_length_array || type_ == cbor_container_type::indefinite_length_object;
+        }
+
+    };
+
+    typedef typename std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>:: template rebind_alloc<std::pair<const string_type,size_t>> string_size_allocator_type;
+    typedef typename std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>:: template rebind_alloc<std::pair<const byte_string_type,size_t>> byte_string_size_allocator_type;
+    typedef typename std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>:: template rebind_alloc<stack_item> stack_item_allocator_type;
+
+    Sink sink_;
+    const cbor_encode_options options_;
+    allocator_type alloc_;
+
+    std::vector<stack_item,stack_item_allocator_type> stack_;
+    std::map<string_type,size_t,std::less<string_type>,string_size_allocator_type> stringref_map_;
+    std::map<byte_string_type,size_t,std::less<byte_string_type>,byte_string_size_allocator_type> bytestringref_map_;
+    std::size_t next_stringref_ = 0;
+    int nesting_depth_;
+
+    // Noncopyable and nonmoveable
+    basic_cbor_encoder(const basic_cbor_encoder&) = delete;
+    basic_cbor_encoder& operator=(const basic_cbor_encoder&) = delete;
+public:
+    explicit basic_cbor_encoder(Sink&& sink, 
+                                const Allocator& alloc = Allocator())
+       : basic_cbor_encoder(std::forward<Sink>(sink), cbor_encode_options(), alloc)
+    {
+    }
+    basic_cbor_encoder(Sink&& sink, 
+                       const cbor_encode_options& options, 
+                       const Allocator& alloc = Allocator())
+       : sink_(std::forward<Sink>(sink)), 
+         options_(options), 
+         alloc_(alloc),
+         stack_(alloc),
+#if !defined(JSONCONS_NO_MAP_CONS_TAKES_ALLOCATOR) 
+         stringref_map_(alloc),
+         bytestringref_map_(alloc),
+#endif 
+         nesting_depth_(0)        
+    {
+        if (options.pack_strings())
+        {
+            write_tag(256);
+        }
+    }
+
+    ~basic_cbor_encoder() noexcept
+    {
+        JSONCONS_TRY
+        {
+            sink_.flush();
+        }
+        JSONCONS_CATCH(...)
+        {
+        }
+    }
+
+    void reset()
+    {
+        stack_.clear();
+        stringref_map_.clear();
+        bytestringref_map_.clear();
+        next_stringref_ = 0;
+        nesting_depth_ = 0;
+    }
+
+    void reset(Sink&& sink)
+    {
+        sink_ = std::move(sink);
+        reset();
+    }
+
+private:
+    // Implementing methods
+
+    void visit_flush() override
+    {
+        sink_.flush();
+    }
+
+    bool visit_begin_object(semantic_tag, const ser_context&, std::error_code& ec) override
+    {
+        if (JSONCONS_UNLIKELY(++nesting_depth_ > options_.max_nesting_depth()))
+        {
+            ec = cbor_errc::max_nesting_depth_exceeded;
+            return false;
+        } 
+        stack_.emplace_back(cbor_container_type::indefinite_length_object);
+        
+        sink_.push_back(0xbf);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool visit_begin_object(std::size_t length, semantic_tag, const ser_context&, std::error_code& ec) override
+    {
+        if (JSONCONS_UNLIKELY(++nesting_depth_ > options_.max_nesting_depth()))
+        {
+            ec = cbor_errc::max_nesting_depth_exceeded;
+            return false;
+        } 
+        stack_.emplace_back(cbor_container_type::object, length);
+
+        if (length <= 0x17)
+        {
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0xa0 + length), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        } 
+        else if (length <= 0xff)
+        {
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0xb8), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(length), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        } 
+        else if (length <= 0xffff)
+        {
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0xb9), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint16_t>(length), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        } 
+        else if (length <= 0xffffffff)
+        {
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0xba), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint32_t>(length), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        } 
+        else if (length <= 0xffffffffffffffff)
+        {
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0xbb), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint64_t>(length), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool visit_end_object(const ser_context&, std::error_code& ec) override
+    {
+        JSONCONS_ASSERT(!stack_.empty());
+        --nesting_depth_;
+
+        if (stack_.back().is_indefinite_length())
+        {
+            sink_.push_back(0xff);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (stack_.back().count() < stack_.back().length())
+            {
+                ec = cbor_errc::too_few_items;
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (stack_.back().count() > stack_.back().length())
+            {
+                ec = cbor_errc::too_many_items;
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        stack_.pop_back();
+        end_value();
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool visit_begin_array(semantic_tag, const ser_context&, std::error_code& ec) override
+    {
+        if (JSONCONS_UNLIKELY(++nesting_depth_ > options_.max_nesting_depth()))
+        {
+            ec = cbor_errc::max_nesting_depth_exceeded;
+            return false;
+        } 
+        stack_.emplace_back(cbor_container_type::indefinite_length_array);
+        sink_.push_back(0x9f);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool visit_begin_array(std::size_t length, semantic_tag, const ser_context&, std::error_code& ec) override
+    {
+        if (JSONCONS_UNLIKELY(++nesting_depth_ > options_.max_nesting_depth()))
+        {
+            ec = cbor_errc::max_nesting_depth_exceeded;
+            return false;
+        } 
+        stack_.emplace_back(cbor_container_type::array, length);
+        if (length <= 0x17)
+        {
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 + length), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        } 
+        else if (length <= 0xff)
+        {
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x98), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(length), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        } 
+        else if (length <= 0xffff)
+        {
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x99), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint16_t>(length), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        } 
+        else if (length <= 0xffffffff)
+        {
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x9a), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint32_t>(length), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        } 
+        else if (length <= 0xffffffffffffffff)
+        {
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x9b), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint64_t>(length), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool visit_end_array(const ser_context&, std::error_code& ec) override
+    {
+        JSONCONS_ASSERT(!stack_.empty());
+        --nesting_depth_;
+
+        if (stack_.back().is_indefinite_length())
+        {
+            sink_.push_back(0xff);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (stack_.back().count() < stack_.back().length())
+            {
+                ec = cbor_errc::too_few_items;
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (stack_.back().count() > stack_.back().length())
+            {
+                ec = cbor_errc::too_many_items;
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        stack_.pop_back();
+        end_value();
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool visit_key(const string_view_type& name, const ser_context&, std::error_code&) override
+    {
+        write_string(name);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool visit_null(semantic_tag tag, const ser_context&, std::error_code&) override
+    {
+        if (tag == semantic_tag::undefined)
+        {
+            sink_.push_back(0xf7);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            sink_.push_back(0xf6);
+        }
+
+        end_value();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void write_string(const string_view& sv)
+    {
+        auto sink = unicode_traits::validate(sv.data(), sv.size());
+        if (sink.ec != unicode_traits::conv_errc())
+        {
+            JSONCONS_THROW(ser_error(cbor_errc::invalid_utf8_text_string));
+        }
+
+        if (options_.pack_strings() && sv.size() >= jsoncons::cbor::detail::min_length_for_stringref(next_stringref_))
+        {
+            string_type s(sv.data(), sv.size(), alloc_);
+            auto it = stringref_map_.find(s);
+            if (it == stringref_map_.end())
+            {
+                stringref_map_.emplace(std::make_pair(std::move(s), next_stringref_++));
+                write_utf8_string(sv);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                write_tag(25);
+                write_uint64_value(it->second);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            write_utf8_string(sv);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void write_utf8_string(const string_view& sv)
+    {
+        const size_t length = sv.size();
+
+        if (length <= 0x17)
+        {
+            // fixstr stores a byte array whose length is upto 31 bytes
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x60 + length), 
+                                            std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        }
+        else if (length <= 0xff)
+        {
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x78), 
+                                            std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(length), 
+                                            std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        }
+        else if (length <= 0xffff)
+        {
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x79), 
+                                            std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint16_t>(length), 
+                                            std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        }
+        else if (length <= 0xffffffff)
+        {
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x7a), 
+                                            std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint32_t>(length), 
+                                            std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        }
+        else if (length <= 0xffffffffffffffff)
+        {
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x7b), 
+                                            std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint64_t>(length), 
+                                            std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        }
+
+        for (auto c : sv)
+        {
+            sink_.push_back(c);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void write_bignum(bigint& n)
+    {
+        bool is_neg = n < 0;
+        if (is_neg)
+        {
+            n = - n -1;
+        }
+
+        int signum;
+        std::vector<uint8_t> data;
+        n.write_bytes_be(signum, data);
+        std::size_t length = data.size();
+
+        if (is_neg)
+        {
+            write_tag(3);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            write_tag(2);
+        }
+
+        if (length <= 0x17)
+        {
+            // fixstr stores a byte array whose length is upto 31 bytes
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x40 + length), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        }
+        else if (length <= 0xff)
+        {
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x58), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(length), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        }
+        else if (length <= 0xffff)
+        {
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x59), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint16_t>(length), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        }
+        else if (length <= 0xffffffff)
+        {
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x5a), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint32_t>(length), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        }
+        else if (length <= 0xffffffffffffffff)
+        {
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x5b), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint64_t>(length), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        }
+
+        for (auto c : data)
+        {
+            sink_.push_back(c);
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool write_decimal_value(const string_view_type& sv, const ser_context& context, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+        bool more = true;
+
+        decimal_parse_state state = decimal_parse_state::start;
+        std::basic_string<char> s;
+        std::basic_string<char> exponent;
+        int64_t scale = 0;
+        for (auto c : sv)
+        {
+            switch (state)
+            {
+                case decimal_parse_state::start:
+                {
+                    switch (c)
+                    {
+                        case '-':
+                            s.push_back(c);
+                            state = decimal_parse_state::integer;
+                            break;
+                        case '0':case '1':case '2':case '3':case '4':case '5':case '6':case '7':case '8': case '9':
+                            s.push_back(c);
+                            state = decimal_parse_state::integer;
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                        {
+                            ec = cbor_errc::invalid_decimal_fraction;
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case decimal_parse_state::integer:
+                {
+                    switch (c)
+                    {
+                        case '0':case '1':case '2':case '3':case '4':case '5':case '6':case '7':case '8': case '9':
+                            s.push_back(c);
+                            break;
+                        case 'e': case 'E':
+                            state = decimal_parse_state::exp1;
+                            break;
+                        case '.':
+                            state = decimal_parse_state::fraction1;
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                        {
+                            ec = cbor_errc::invalid_decimal_fraction;
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case decimal_parse_state::exp1:
+                {
+                    switch (c)
+                    {
+                        case '+':
+                            state = decimal_parse_state::exp2;
+                            break;
+                        case '-':
+                            exponent.push_back(c);
+                            state = decimal_parse_state::exp2;
+                            break;
+                        case '0':case '1':case '2':case '3':case '4':case '5':case '6':case '7':case '8': case '9':
+                            exponent.push_back(c);
+                            state = decimal_parse_state::exp2;
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                        {
+                            ec = cbor_errc::invalid_decimal_fraction;
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case decimal_parse_state::exp2:
+                {
+                    switch (c)
+                    {
+                        case '0':case '1':case '2':case '3':case '4':case '5':case '6':case '7':case '8': case '9':
+                            exponent.push_back(c);
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                        {
+                            ec = cbor_errc::invalid_decimal_fraction;
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case decimal_parse_state::fraction1:
+                {
+                    switch (c)
+                    {
+                        case '0':case '1':case '2':case '3':case '4':case '5':case '6':case '7':case '8': case '9':
+                            s.push_back(c);
+                            --scale;
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                        {
+                            ec = cbor_errc::invalid_decimal_fraction;
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        write_tag(4);
+        more = visit_begin_array((std::size_t)2, semantic_tag::none, context, ec);
+        if (!more) {return more;}
+        if (exponent.length() > 0)
+        {
+            int64_t val;
+            auto r = jsoncons::detail::to_integer(exponent.data(), exponent.length(), val);
+            if (!r)
+            {
+                ec = r.error_code();
+                return false;
+            }
+            scale += val;
+        }
+        more = visit_int64(scale, semantic_tag::none, context, ec);
+        if (!more) {return more;}
+
+        int64_t val{ 0 };
+        auto r = jsoncons::detail::to_integer(s.data(),s.length(), val);
+        if (r)
+        {
+            more = visit_int64(val, semantic_tag::none, context, ec);
+            if (!more) {return more;}
+        }
+        else if (r.error_code() == jsoncons::detail::to_integer_errc::overflow)
+        {
+            bigint n = bigint::from_string(s.data(), s.length());
+            write_bignum(n);
+            end_value();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ec = r.error_code();
+            return false;
+        }
+        more = visit_end_array(context, ec);
+
+        return more;
+    }
+
+    bool write_hexfloat_value(const string_view_type& sv, const ser_context& context, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+        bool more = true;
+
+        hexfloat_parse_state state = hexfloat_parse_state::start;
+        std::basic_string<char> s;
+        std::basic_string<char> exponent;
+        int64_t scale = 0;
+
+        for (auto c : sv)
+        {
+            switch (state)
+            {
+                case hexfloat_parse_state::start:
+                {
+                    switch (c)
+                    {
+                        case '-':
+                            s.push_back(c);
+                            state = hexfloat_parse_state::expect_0;
+                            break;
+                        case '0':
+                            state = hexfloat_parse_state::expect_x;
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                        {
+                            ec = cbor_errc::invalid_bigfloat;
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case hexfloat_parse_state::expect_0:
+                {
+                    switch (c)
+                    {
+                        case '0':
+                            state = hexfloat_parse_state::expect_x;
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                        {
+                            ec = cbor_errc::invalid_bigfloat;
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case hexfloat_parse_state::expect_x:
+                {
+                    switch (c)
+                    {
+                        case 'x':
+                        case 'X':
+                            state = hexfloat_parse_state::integer;
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                        {
+                            ec = cbor_errc::invalid_bigfloat;
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case hexfloat_parse_state::integer:
+                {
+                    switch (c)
+                    {
+                        case '0':case '1':case '2':case '3':case '4':case '5':case '6':case '7':case '8': case '9':case 'a':case 'b':case 'c':case 'd':case 'e':case 'f':case 'A':case 'B':case 'C':case 'D':case 'E':case 'F':
+                            s.push_back(c);
+                            break;
+                        case 'p': case 'P':
+                            state = hexfloat_parse_state::exp1;
+                            break;
+                        case '.':
+                            state = hexfloat_parse_state::fraction1;
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                        {
+                            ec = cbor_errc::invalid_bigfloat;
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case hexfloat_parse_state::exp1:
+                {
+                    switch (c)
+                    {
+                        case '+':
+                            state = hexfloat_parse_state::exp2;
+                            break;
+                        case '-':
+                            exponent.push_back(c);
+                            state = hexfloat_parse_state::exp2;
+                            break;
+                        case '0':case '1':case '2':case '3':case '4':case '5':case '6':case '7':case '8': case '9':case 'a':case 'b':case 'c':case 'd':case 'e':case 'f':case 'A':case 'B':case 'C':case 'D':case 'E':case 'F':
+                            exponent.push_back(c);
+                            state = hexfloat_parse_state::exp2;
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                        {
+                            ec = cbor_errc::invalid_bigfloat;
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case hexfloat_parse_state::exp2:
+                {
+                    switch (c)
+                    {
+                        case '0':case '1':case '2':case '3':case '4':case '5':case '6':case '7':case '8': case '9':case 'a':case 'b':case 'c':case 'd':case 'e':case 'f':case 'A':case 'B':case 'C':case 'D':case 'E':case 'F':
+                            exponent.push_back(c);
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                        {
+                            ec = cbor_errc::invalid_bigfloat;
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case hexfloat_parse_state::fraction1:
+                {
+                    switch (c)
+                    {
+                        case '0':case '1':case '2':case '3':case '4':case '5':case '6':case '7':case '8': case '9':case 'a':case 'b':case 'c':case 'd':case 'e':case 'f':case 'A':case 'B':case 'C':case 'D':case 'E':case 'F':
+                            s.push_back(c);
+                            scale -= 4;
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                        {
+                            ec = cbor_errc::invalid_bigfloat;
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        write_tag(5);
+        more = visit_begin_array((std::size_t)2, semantic_tag::none, context, ec);
+        if (!more) return more;
+
+        if (exponent.length() > 0)
+        {
+            int64_t val{ 0 };
+            auto r = jsoncons::detail::base16_to_integer(exponent.data(), exponent.length(), val);
+            if (!r)
+            {
+                ec = r.error_code();
+                return false;
+            }
+            scale += val;
+        }
+        more = visit_int64(scale, semantic_tag::none, context, ec);
+        if (!more) return more;
+
+        int64_t val{ 0 };
+        auto r = jsoncons::detail::base16_to_integer(s.data(),s.length(), val);
+        if (r)
+        {
+            more = visit_int64(val, semantic_tag::none, context, ec);
+            if (!more) return more;
+        }
+        else if (r.error_code() == jsoncons::detail::to_integer_errc::overflow)
+        {
+            bigint n = bigint::from_string_radix(s.data(), s.length(), 16);
+            write_bignum(n);
+            end_value();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            JSONCONS_THROW(json_runtime_error<std::invalid_argument>(r.error_code().message()));
+        }
+        return visit_end_array(context, ec);
+    }
+
+    bool visit_string(const string_view_type& sv, semantic_tag tag, const ser_context& context, std::error_code& ec) override
+    {
+        switch (tag)
+        {
+            case semantic_tag::bigint:
+            {
+                bigint n = bigint::from_string(sv.data(), sv.length());
+                write_bignum(n);
+                end_value();
+                break;
+            }
+            case semantic_tag::bigdec:
+            {
+                return write_decimal_value(sv, context, ec);
+            }
+            case semantic_tag::bigfloat:
+            {
+                return write_hexfloat_value(sv, context, ec);
+            }
+            case semantic_tag::datetime:
+            {
+                write_tag(0);
+
+                write_string(sv);
+                end_value();
+                break;
+            }
+            case semantic_tag::uri:
+            {
+                write_tag(32);
+                write_string(sv);
+                end_value();
+                break;
+            }
+            case semantic_tag::base64url:
+            {
+                write_tag(33);
+                write_string(sv);
+                end_value();
+                break;
+            }
+            case semantic_tag::base64:
+            {
+                write_tag(34);
+                write_string(sv);
+                end_value();
+                break;
+            }
+            default:
+            {
+                write_string(sv);
+                end_value();
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool visit_byte_string(const byte_string_view& b, 
+                           semantic_tag tag, 
+                           const ser_context&,
+                           std::error_code&) override
+    {
+        byte_string_chars_format encoding_hint;
+        switch (tag)
+        {
+            case semantic_tag::base16:
+                encoding_hint = byte_string_chars_format::base16;
+                break;
+            case semantic_tag::base64:
+                encoding_hint = byte_string_chars_format::base64;
+                break;
+            case semantic_tag::base64url:
+                encoding_hint = byte_string_chars_format::base64url;
+                break;
+            default:
+                encoding_hint = byte_string_chars_format::none;
+                break;
+        }
+        switch (encoding_hint)
+        {
+            case byte_string_chars_format::base64url:
+                write_tag(21);
+                break;
+            case byte_string_chars_format::base64:
+                write_tag(22);
+                break;
+            case byte_string_chars_format::base16:
+                write_tag(23);
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+        if (options_.pack_strings() && b.size() >= jsoncons::cbor::detail::min_length_for_stringref(next_stringref_))
+        {
+            byte_string_type bs(b.data(), b.size(), alloc_);
+            auto it = bytestringref_map_.find(bs);
+            if (it == bytestringref_map_.end())
+            {
+                bytestringref_map_.emplace(std::make_pair(bs, next_stringref_++));
+                write_byte_string_value(bs);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                write_tag(25);
+                write_uint64_value(it->second);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            write_byte_string_value(b);
+        }
+
+        end_value();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool visit_byte_string(const byte_string_view& b, 
+                           uint64_t ext_tag, 
+                           const ser_context&,
+                           std::error_code&) override
+    {
+        if (options_.pack_strings() && b.size() >= jsoncons::cbor::detail::min_length_for_stringref(next_stringref_))
+        {
+            byte_string_type bs(b.data(), b.size(), alloc_);
+            auto it = bytestringref_map_.find(bs);
+            if (it == bytestringref_map_.end())
+            {
+                bytestringref_map_.emplace(std::make_pair(bs, next_stringref_++));
+                write_tag(ext_tag);
+                write_byte_string_value(bs);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                write_tag(25);
+                write_uint64_value(it->second);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            write_tag(ext_tag);
+            write_byte_string_value(b);
+        }
+
+        end_value();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void write_byte_string_value(const byte_string_view& b) 
+    {
+        if (b.size() <= 0x17)
+        {
+            // fixstr stores a byte array whose length is upto 31 bytes
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x40 + b.size()), 
+                                            std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        }
+        else if (b.size() <= 0xff)
+        {
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x58), 
+                                            std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(b.size()), 
+                                            std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        }
+        else if (b.size() <= 0xffff)
+        {
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x59), 
+                                            std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint16_t>(b.size()), 
+                                            std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        }
+        else if (b.size() <= 0xffffffff)
+        {
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x5a), 
+                                            std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint32_t>(b.size()), 
+                                            std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        }
+        else // if (b.size() <= 0xffffffffffffffff)
+        {
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x5b), 
+                                            std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint64_t>(b.size()), 
+                                            std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        }
+
+        for (auto c : b)
+        {
+            sink_.push_back(c);
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool visit_double(double val, 
+                      semantic_tag tag,
+                      const ser_context&,
+                      std::error_code&) override
+    {
+        switch (tag)
+        {
+            case semantic_tag::epoch_second:
+                write_tag(1);
+                break;
+            case semantic_tag::epoch_milli:
+                write_tag(1);
+                if (val != 0)
+                {
+                    val /= millis_in_second;
+                }
+                break;
+            case semantic_tag::epoch_nano:
+                write_tag(1);
+                if (val != 0)
+                {
+                    val /= nanos_in_second;
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        float valf = (float)val;
+        if ((double)valf == val)
+        {
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0xfa), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            binary::native_to_big(valf, std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0xfb), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            binary::native_to_big(val, std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        }
+
+        // write double
+
+        end_value();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool visit_int64(int64_t value, 
+                        semantic_tag tag, 
+                        const ser_context& context,
+                        std::error_code& ec) override
+    {
+        switch (tag)
+        {
+            case semantic_tag::epoch_milli:
+            case semantic_tag::epoch_nano:
+                return visit_double(static_cast<double>(value), tag, context, ec);
+            case semantic_tag::epoch_second:
+                write_tag(1);
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+        if (value >= 0)
+        {
+            if (value <= 0x17)
+            {
+                binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(value), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            } 
+            else if (value <= (std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max)())
+            {
+                binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x18), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+                binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(value), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            } 
+            else if (value <= (std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max)())
+            {
+                binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x19), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+                binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint16_t>(value), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            } 
+            else if (value <= (std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max)())
+            {
+                binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x1a), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+                binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint32_t>(value), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            } 
+            else if (value <= (std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max)())
+            {
+                binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x1b), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+                binary::native_to_big(static_cast<int64_t>(value), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            }
+        } else
+        {
+            const auto posnum = -1 - value;
+            if (value >= -24)
+            {
+                binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x20 + posnum), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            } 
+            else if (posnum <= (std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max)())
+            {
+                binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x38), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+                binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(posnum), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            } 
+            else if (posnum <= (std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max)())
+            {
+                binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x39), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+                binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint16_t>(posnum), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            } 
+            else if (posnum <= (std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max)())
+            {
+                binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x3a), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+                binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint32_t>(posnum), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            } 
+            else if (posnum <= (std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max)())
+            {
+                binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x3b), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+                binary::native_to_big(static_cast<int64_t>(posnum), 
+                                  std::back_inserter(sink_));
+            }
+        }
+        end_value();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool visit_uint64(uint64_t value, 
+                      semantic_tag tag, 
+                      const ser_context& context,
+                      std::error_code& ec) override
+    {
+        switch (tag)
+        {
+            case semantic_tag::epoch_milli:
+            case semantic_tag::epoch_nano:
+                return visit_double(static_cast<double>(value), tag, context, ec);
+            case semantic_tag::epoch_second:
+                write_tag(1);
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        write_uint64_value(value);
+        end_value();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void write_tag(uint64_t value)
+    {
+        if (value <= 0x17)
+        {
+            sink_.push_back(0xc0 | static_cast<uint8_t>(value)); 
+        } 
+        else if (value <=(std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max)())
+        {
+            sink_.push_back(0xd8);
+            sink_.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(value));
+        } 
+        else if (value <=(std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max)())
+        {
+            sink_.push_back(0xd9);
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint16_t>(value), 
+                                            std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        }
+        else if (value <=(std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max)())
+        {
+            sink_.push_back(0xda);
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint32_t>(value), 
+                                            std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        }
+        else 
+        {
+            sink_.push_back(0xdb);
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint64_t>(value), 
+                                            std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void write_uint64_value(uint64_t value) 
+    {
+        if (value <= 0x17)
+        {
+            sink_.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(value));
+        } 
+        else if (value <=(std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max)())
+        {
+            sink_.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x18));
+            sink_.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(value));
+        } 
+        else if (value <=(std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max)())
+        {
+            sink_.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x19));
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint16_t>(value), 
+                                            std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        } 
+        else if (value <=(std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max)())
+        {
+            sink_.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x1a));
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint32_t>(value), 
+                                            std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        } 
+        else if (value <=(std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max)())
+        {
+            sink_.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(0x1b));
+            binary::native_to_big(static_cast<uint64_t>(value), 
+                                            std::back_inserter(sink_));
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool visit_bool(bool value, semantic_tag, const ser_context&, std::error_code&) override
+    {
+        if (value)
+        {
+            sink_.push_back(0xf5);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            sink_.push_back(0xf4);
+        }
+
+        end_value();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool visit_typed_array(const jsoncons::span<const uint8_t>& v, 
+                        semantic_tag tag,
+                        const ser_context& context, 
+                        std::error_code& ec) override
+    {
+        if (options_.use_typed_arrays())
+        {
+            switch (tag)
+            {
+                case semantic_tag::clamped:
+                    write_tag(0x44);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    write_tag(0x40);
+                    break;
+            }
+            write_byte_string_value(byte_string_view(v));
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            bool more = this->begin_array(v.size(), semantic_tag::none, context, ec);
+            for (auto p = v.begin(); more && p != v.end(); ++p)
+            {
+                more = this->uint64_value(*p, tag, context, ec);
+            }
+            if (more)
+            {
+                more = this->end_array(context, ec);
+            }
+            return more;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool visit_typed_array(const jsoncons::span<const uint16_t>& data,  
+                        semantic_tag tag,
+                        const ser_context& context, 
+                        std::error_code& ec) override
+    {
+        if (options_.use_typed_arrays())
+        {
+            write_typed_array_tag(std::integral_constant<bool, jsoncons::endian::native == jsoncons::endian::big>(), 
+                                  uint16_t(), 
+                                  tag);
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v(data.size()*sizeof(uint16_t));
+            std::memcpy(v.data(),data.data(),data.size()*sizeof(uint16_t));
+            write_byte_string_value(byte_string_view(v));
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            bool more = this->begin_array(data.size(), semantic_tag::none, context, ec);
+            for (auto p = data.begin(); more && p != data.end(); ++p)
+            {
+                more = this->uint64_value(*p, tag, context, ec);
+            }
+            if (more)
+            {
+                more = this->end_array(context, ec);
+            }
+            return more;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool visit_typed_array(const jsoncons::span<const uint32_t>& data,  
+                        semantic_tag tag,
+                        const ser_context& context, 
+                        std::error_code& ec) override
+    {
+        if (options_.use_typed_arrays())
+        {
+            write_typed_array_tag(std::integral_constant<bool, jsoncons::endian::native == jsoncons::endian::big>(), 
+                                  uint32_t(), 
+                                  tag);
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v(data.size()*sizeof(uint32_t));
+            std::memcpy(v.data(), data.data(), data.size()*sizeof(uint32_t));
+            write_byte_string_value(byte_string_view(v));
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            bool more = this->begin_array(data.size(), semantic_tag::none, context, ec);
+            for (auto p = data.begin(); more && p != data.end(); ++p)
+            {
+                more = this->uint64_value(*p, semantic_tag::none, context, ec);
+            }
+            if (more)
+            {
+                more = this->end_array(context, ec);
+            }
+            return more;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool visit_typed_array(const jsoncons::span<const uint64_t>& data,  
+                        semantic_tag tag,
+                        const ser_context& context, 
+                        std::error_code& ec) override
+    {
+        if (options_.use_typed_arrays())
+        {
+            write_typed_array_tag(std::integral_constant<bool, jsoncons::endian::native == jsoncons::endian::big>(), 
+                                  uint64_t(), 
+                                  tag);
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v(data.size()*sizeof(uint64_t));
+            std::memcpy(v.data(), data.data(), data.size()*sizeof(uint64_t));
+            write_byte_string_value(byte_string_view(v));
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            bool more = this->begin_array(data.size(), semantic_tag::none, context, ec);
+            for (auto p = data.begin(); more && p != data.end(); ++p)
+            {
+                more = this->uint64_value(*p,semantic_tag::none,context, ec);
+            }
+            if (more)
+            {
+                more = this->end_array(context, ec);
+            }
+            return more;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool visit_typed_array(const jsoncons::span<const int8_t>& data,  
+                        semantic_tag,
+                        const ser_context& context, 
+                        std::error_code& ec) override
+    {
+        if (options_.use_typed_arrays())
+        {
+            write_tag(0x48);
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v(data.size()*sizeof(int8_t));
+            std::memcpy(v.data(), data.data(), data.size()*sizeof(int8_t));
+            write_byte_string_value(byte_string_view(v));
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            bool more = this->begin_array(data.size(), semantic_tag::none,context, ec);
+            for (auto p = data.begin(); more && p != data.end(); ++p)
+            {
+                more = this->int64_value(*p,semantic_tag::none,context, ec);
+            }
+            if (more)
+            {
+                more = this->end_array(context, ec);
+            }
+            return more;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool visit_typed_array(const jsoncons::span<const int16_t>& data,  
+                        semantic_tag tag,
+                        const ser_context& context, 
+                        std::error_code& ec) override
+    {
+        if (options_.use_typed_arrays())
+        {
+            write_typed_array_tag(std::integral_constant<bool, jsoncons::endian::native == jsoncons::endian::big>(), 
+                                  int16_t(), 
+                                  tag);
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v(data.size()*sizeof(int16_t));
+            std::memcpy(v.data(), data.data(), data.size()*sizeof(int16_t));
+            write_byte_string_value(byte_string_view(v));
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            bool more = this->begin_array(data.size(), semantic_tag::none,context, ec);
+            for (auto p = data.begin(); more && p != data.end(); ++p)
+            {
+                more = this->int64_value(*p,semantic_tag::none,context, ec);
+            }
+            if (more)
+            {
+                more = this->end_array(context, ec);
+            }
+            return more;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool visit_typed_array(const jsoncons::span<const int32_t>& data,  
+                        semantic_tag tag,
+                        const ser_context& context, 
+                        std::error_code& ec) override
+    {
+        if (options_.use_typed_arrays())
+        {
+            write_typed_array_tag(std::integral_constant<bool, jsoncons::endian::native == jsoncons::endian::big>(), 
+                                  int32_t(), 
+                                  tag);
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v(data.size()*sizeof(int32_t));
+            std::memcpy(v.data(), data.data(), data.size()*sizeof(int32_t));
+            write_byte_string_value(byte_string_view(v));
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            bool more = this->begin_array(data.size(), semantic_tag::none,context, ec);
+            for (auto p = data.begin(); more && p != data.end(); ++p)
+            {
+                more = this->int64_value(*p,semantic_tag::none,context, ec);
+            }
+            if (more)
+            {
+                more = this->end_array(context, ec);
+            }
+            return more;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool visit_typed_array(const jsoncons::span<const int64_t>& data,  
+                        semantic_tag tag,
+                        const ser_context& context, 
+                        std::error_code& ec) override
+    {
+        if (options_.use_typed_arrays())
+        {
+            write_typed_array_tag(std::integral_constant<bool, jsoncons::endian::native == jsoncons::endian::big>(), 
+                                  int64_t(), 
+                                  tag);
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v(data.size()*sizeof(int64_t));
+            std::memcpy(v.data(), data.data(), data.size()*sizeof(int64_t));
+            write_byte_string_value(byte_string_view(v));
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            bool more = this->begin_array(data.size(), semantic_tag::none,context, ec);
+            for (auto p = data.begin(); more && p != data.end(); ++p)
+            {
+                more = this->int64_value(*p,semantic_tag::none,context, ec);
+            }
+            if (more)
+            {
+                more = this->end_array(context, ec);
+            }
+            return more;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool visit_typed_array(half_arg_t, const jsoncons::span<const uint16_t>& data,  
+                        semantic_tag tag,
+                        const ser_context& context, 
+                        std::error_code& ec) override
+    {
+        if (options_.use_typed_arrays())
+        {
+            write_typed_array_tag(std::integral_constant<bool, jsoncons::endian::native == jsoncons::endian::big>(), 
+                                  half_arg, 
+                                  tag);
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v(data.size()*sizeof(uint16_t));
+            std::memcpy(v.data(),data.data(),data.size()*sizeof(uint16_t));
+            write_byte_string_value(byte_string_view(v));
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            bool more = this->begin_array(data.size(), semantic_tag::none, context, ec);
+            for (auto p = data.begin(); more && p != data.end(); ++p)
+            {
+                more = this->half_value(*p, tag, context, ec);
+            }
+            if (more)
+            {
+                more = this->end_array(context, ec);
+            }
+            return more;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool visit_typed_array(const jsoncons::span<const float>& data,  
+                        semantic_tag tag,
+                        const ser_context& context, 
+                        std::error_code& ec) override
+    {
+        if (options_.use_typed_arrays())
+        {
+            write_typed_array_tag(std::integral_constant<bool, jsoncons::endian::native == jsoncons::endian::big>(), 
+                                  float(), 
+                                  tag);
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v(data.size()*sizeof(float));
+            std::memcpy(v.data(), data.data(), data.size()*sizeof(float));
+            write_byte_string_value(byte_string_view(v));
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            bool more = this->begin_array(data.size(), semantic_tag::none,context, ec);
+            for (auto p = data.begin(); more && p != data.end(); ++p)
+            {
+                more = this->double_value(*p,semantic_tag::none,context, ec);
+            }
+            if (more)
+            {
+                more = this->end_array(context, ec);
+            }
+            return more;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool visit_typed_array(const jsoncons::span<const double>& data,  
+                        semantic_tag tag,
+                        const ser_context& context, 
+                        std::error_code& ec) override
+    {
+        if (options_.use_typed_arrays())
+        {
+            write_typed_array_tag(std::integral_constant<bool, jsoncons::endian::native == jsoncons::endian::big>(), 
+                                  double(), 
+                                  tag);
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v(data.size()*sizeof(double));
+            std::memcpy(v.data(), data.data(), data.size()*sizeof(double));
+            write_byte_string_value(byte_string_view(v));
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            bool more = this->begin_array(data.size(), semantic_tag::none,context, ec);
+            for (auto p = data.begin(); more && p != data.end(); ++p)
+            {
+                more = this->double_value(*p,semantic_tag::none,context, ec);
+            }
+            if (more)
+            {
+                more = this->end_array(context, ec);
+            }
+            return more;
+        }
+    }
+/*
+    bool visit_typed_array(const jsoncons::span<const float128_type>&, 
+                        semantic_tag,
+                        const ser_context&, 
+                        std::error_code&) override
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+*/
+    bool visit_begin_multi_dim(const jsoncons::span<const size_t>& shape,
+                            semantic_tag tag,
+                            const ser_context& context, 
+                            std::error_code& ec) override
+    {
+        switch (tag)
+        {
+            case semantic_tag::multi_dim_column_major:
+                write_tag(1040);
+                break;
+            default:
+                write_tag(40);
+                break;
+        }
+        bool more = visit_begin_array(2, semantic_tag::none, context, ec);
+        if (more)
+            more = visit_begin_array(shape.size(), semantic_tag::none, context, ec);
+        for (auto it = shape.begin(); more && it != shape.end(); ++it)
+        {
+            more = visit_uint64(*it, semantic_tag::none, context, ec);
+        }
+        if (more)
+        {
+            more = visit_end_array(context, ec);
+        }
+        return more;
+    }
+
+    bool visit_end_multi_dim(const ser_context& context,
+                          std::error_code& ec) override
+    {
+        bool more = visit_end_array(context, ec);
+        return more;
+    }
+
+    void write_typed_array_tag(std::true_type, 
+                               uint16_t,
+                               semantic_tag)
+    {
+        write_tag(0x41); // big endian
+    }
+    void write_typed_array_tag(std::false_type,
+                               uint16_t,
+                               semantic_tag)
+    {
+        write_tag(0x45);
+    }
+
+    void write_typed_array_tag(std::true_type, 
+                               uint32_t,
+                               semantic_tag)
+    {
+        write_tag(0x42); // big endian
+    }
+    void write_typed_array_tag(std::false_type,
+                               uint32_t,
+                               semantic_tag)
+    {
+        write_tag(0x46);  // little endian
+    }
+
+    void write_typed_array_tag(std::true_type, 
+                               uint64_t,
+                               semantic_tag)
+    {
+        write_tag(0x43); // big endian
+    }
+    void write_typed_array_tag(std::false_type,
+                               uint64_t,
+                               semantic_tag)
+    {
+        write_tag(0x47);  // little endian
+    }
+
+    void write_typed_array_tag(std::true_type, 
+                               int16_t,
+                               semantic_tag)
+    {
+        write_tag(0x49); // big endian
+    }
+    void write_typed_array_tag(std::false_type,
+                               int16_t,
+                               semantic_tag)
+    {
+        write_tag(0x4d);  // little endian
+    }
+
+    void write_typed_array_tag(std::true_type, 
+                               int32_t,
+                               semantic_tag)
+    {
+        write_tag(0x4a); // big endian
+    }
+    void write_typed_array_tag(std::false_type,
+                               int32_t,
+                               semantic_tag)
+    {
+        write_tag(0x4e);  // little endian
+    }
+
+    void write_typed_array_tag(std::true_type, 
+                               int64_t,
+                               semantic_tag)
+    {
+        write_tag(0x4b); // big endian
+    }
+    void write_typed_array_tag(std::false_type,
+                               int64_t,
+                               semantic_tag)
+    {
+        write_tag(0x4f);  // little endian
+    }
+
+    void write_typed_array_tag(std::true_type, 
+                               half_arg_t,
+                               semantic_tag)
+    {
+        write_tag(0x50);
+    }
+    void write_typed_array_tag(std::false_type,
+                               half_arg_t,
+                               semantic_tag)
+    {
+        write_tag(0x54);
+    }
+                        
+    void write_typed_array_tag(std::true_type, 
+                               float,
+                               semantic_tag)
+    {
+        write_tag(0x51); // big endian
+    }
+    void write_typed_array_tag(std::false_type,
+                               float,
+                               semantic_tag)
+    {
+        write_tag(0x55);  // little endian
+    }
+
+    void write_typed_array_tag(std::true_type, 
+                               double,
+                               semantic_tag)
+    {
+        write_tag(0x52); // big endian
+    }
+    void write_typed_array_tag(std::false_type,
+                               double,
+                               semantic_tag)
+    {
+        write_tag(0x56);  // little endian
+    }
+
+    void end_value()
+    {
+        if (!stack_.empty())
+        {
+            ++stack_.back().count_;
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+using cbor_stream_encoder = basic_cbor_encoder<jsoncons::binary_stream_sink>;
+using cbor_bytes_encoder = basic_cbor_encoder<jsoncons::bytes_sink<std::vector<uint8_t>>>;
+
+#if !defined(JSONCONS_NO_DEPRECATED)
+JSONCONS_DEPRECATED_MSG("Instead, use cbor_bytes_encoder") typedef cbor_bytes_encoder cbor_bytes_serializer;
+
+template<class Sink=jsoncons::binary_stream_sink>
+using basic_cbor_serializer = basic_cbor_encoder<Sink>; 
+
+JSONCONS_DEPRECATED_MSG("Instead, use cbor_stream_encoder") typedef cbor_stream_encoder cbor_encoder;
+JSONCONS_DEPRECATED_MSG("Instead, use cbor_stream_encoder") typedef cbor_stream_encoder cbor_serializer;
+JSONCONS_DEPRECATED_MSG("Instead, use cbor_bytes_encoder") typedef cbor_bytes_encoder cbor_buffer_serializer;
+#endif
+
+}}
+#endif